I have another SQL quirk for you today, particularly in Microsoft's SQL Server. It concerns the AVG function when the SUM of the averaged values would result in an overflow for that type: AVG fails with the same error. Let's imagine for a moment that we wouldn't have an AVG function. In that case, our code would use SUM and COUNT to average values. For the integer column x, the naive SUM(x)/COUNT() would fail when the sum goes over the INT maximum value (I am not sure that SUM should fail, either, but that is another discussion). So our solution would be something like CONVERT(INT,SUM(CONVERT(BIGINT,x)))/COUNT(). Obviously, this is the solution for the AVG issue, just average the values converted to the biggest type available. So it seems that in their flagship SQL server, Microsoft implemented the naive version, hmm... To be fair, this behaviour is documented in the T-SQL function page: If the sum exceeds the maximum value for the data type of the return value an error will be returned.

As I see it, it is a bug, as this should have been handled internally, and one is logged in Microsoft Connect here: AVG function causes Arithmetic overflow error. Read the funny comment from some Microsoft employee who says there is a solution proposed, but they don't have time to implement it in SQL Server 2008, so probably they will do that in a future version. I'm trying on SQL Server 2014; it's 7 years later, Microsoft!!

Just for kicks, I tried the same in MySQL and it works there. More than that, it doesn't fail for SUM, either, as it automatically returns a BIGINT value, pushing the issue to an eventual insert or update in an INT column.

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